ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To date, there has been little information published on the death of rural road accident deaths. This study uses burden of injury method to explore a more accurate estimate of years of life lost due to road traffic crashes occurring over a four-year period in Guilan province, northern Iran.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rural road accident deaths from 2009 to 2013 were extracted from Iran's Forensic Medicine System, Death Registry System and Road Trauma Research center database.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During the study period, the average years of life lost due to motor vehicle crashes was 13.8 per 1 000 persons, ranging from 11.9 during March 2011-2012 to 15.8 per 1 000 persons during March 2012-2013.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Road accident deaths in 2013 remained at the same high level as in 2009. The information obtained from this study provides a new perspective on fatal road traffic crash victims in rural settings and show us that more attention is needed in this area.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Accidents, Traffic , Mortality , Income , Iran , Rural PopulationABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate maternal beliefs, practices about causes and determinant factors on drowning and maternal socioeconomic correlated factors on child mortality from drowning
Methods: From March 2005 to March 2009, in a register-based cohort study and household survey, individual records utilizing drowning registry data of northern Iran were enrolled. Mothers [n=276] who responded to multiple questions in a household survey were included. The patterns, interrelationships and effects of socioeconomic correlated factors on child mortality were analyzed
Results: A significant difference in relation to mother's educational level and age and family income distribution was noticed. Participants in household survey also reported that establishment of a multi-sectorial collaboration, integration of public health messages into local television, additional rescue stations and lifeguard, hazard environment fencing, increasing adult supervision, more support on increasing swimming ability among the children were all effective on reducing of drowning death
Conclusion: Due to the high rate of drowning in children and lack of attention among olders, a greater emphasis should be placed on educating mothers to assist a better supervision on their children
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate enteral feeding solutions used in trauma patients in terms of their nutritional quality and microbial contamination. Enteral feeding solutions prepared in the hospital were collected during 3 months. Microbial counts of solutions and macronutrient contents were evaluated and compared with food tables. One sample t test was used for comparing data with the predicted values. Energy and protein contents of 27 enteral feeding solutions prepared in different days were in range of 26.04-87.25 kcal and 1.33-8.44 g/100 ml, respectively; their mean values were 59.23 +/- 2.5 and 4.46 +/- 0.3 respectively. There was a significant difference between laboratory results and predicted values based on food tables. Coloni count of aerobic and coliform, 4 h after preparation of 22 solutions, were reported to be 2x10[6] +/- 2.9x10[5] and 8.9x10[5] +/- 6.8x10[5] CFU / g respectively and were much higher than PFA permitted value. The results showed that the real energy of solutions was less than the predicted values, so the energy intake of the patients is affected. In addition, these solutions had higher bacterial contamination than the allowed amount